Carved by Water
The Geological Logic Behind Wadi Landscapes Children enjoying Wadi Sulai Wadis are among the most overlooked opportunities in the urban environment. At first glance, they appear to be leftover spaces between developments, too irregular to build on and too unpredictable to manage. In reality, they are something far more compelling — active geological systems, continuously shaped and reshaped by […]
Designing Cooling as Infrastructure in Hot-Arid Climates
Shade as infrastructure in a parking area in Riyadh Introduction Cities in extreme climates heat up because of how they are built — with large areas of exposed paving, limited canopy cover, and materials that absorb and re-emit heat. The result isn’t just high air temperatures, but intense surface heat that affects how people experience outdoor space. Urban […]
Cultivating Resilience
Planting and Irrigation Practices for Desert Landscapes Megaprojects in Saudi Arabia and greening programs across the Middle East are reshaping desert cities at a global scale. What succeeds here informs urban resilience strategies from the Mediterranean Basin to South Asia. In this landscape, every tree planting and every irrigation cycle becomes a test of endurance […]
